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Korea: Plane lands, POWs, Red Cross
Various shots of Korean refugees carrying their belongings, crossing the sandy dunes. MS of family resting along the side of the road. CU shot of young child, baby, and mother. MS of other refugees crossing the Han River on their way home. TS of refugees coming ashore carrying supplies and belongings. High angle shot of people leaving the boat with their belongings and continuing uphill. MS of the people of Seoul listening to a town official. MS of the town official talking and people cheering. WS and high angle shot of Seoul's recovering marketplace (people selling and buying goods). TS of people gathered around a grill waiting to eat.
Bitter Weather Adds To Miseries Of Battle
Bitter Weather Adds To Miseries Of Battle Snow and frigid winds add to the discomforts of patrol actions along the fluid front in Korea. With red hordes poised for another all-out attack, Americans and their UN. Allies dig in during a blizzard. After days on end in sub-zero temperature, UN troops adopt desperate measures for a little warmth. Hot coffee is a rare luxury. Cold everlasting bone chilling cold as the troops stabilize their position in the Korean hills just below the 38th Parallel. American and other UN soldiers walking down a Korean road. MLS US Army tents covered with snow and soldiers chopping wood. MLS Two army men throwing some gasoline on a fire a desperate measure to get a little warmth. CU Soldier drinking hot coffee, more soldiers standing around a camp fire. MLS Plane dropping army supplies, soldiers running out to gather up the supplies. MLS A scenic view of the snow covered hills of Korea and US soldiers try stabilizing their positions just below the 38th parallel in the Korean hills. MLS Throngs of refugees trying to escape the war that engulf their land.
U.S. Troops Leave Korea, North Koreans & Soviets Celebrate
Master 1782 - Tape 2 Panning TLS U.S. Army troops leaning over rails of passenger liner (note the plethora of lifeboats) during troop withdrawal from South Korea, 1953. Sideview MS two U.S. Army master sergeants & captain wearing khaki uniforms & carrying filled bags, boarding boat. MS white male U.S. Army men boarding boat. Panning sideview MS white woman (Army nurse?) boarding boat. Tilting MS U.S. Army soldiers (grunts in combat uniforms & gear) boarding boat. Panning LS soldiers in khaki uniforms on deck. MS flag of South Korea (Republic of Korea, RoK) billowing in wind, large boat in BG. Stunning Russian film of Soviet Red Army soldiers marching through North Korea, being showered by North Korean civilians: TLS Soviet Red Army soldiers & officers marching in formation through town; traveling MS North Korean woman smiling, throwing confetti at camera, KPA soldier standing beside her; panning MS Red Army officers marching grimly through crowd of happy North Koreans; traveling shots crowds of happy North Korean civilians celebrating; TLS/MSs Red Army soldier operating motorcycle w/ sidecar in which Russian officer sits, driving through confetti & crowd-littered street, North Korean children clamoring onto bike. MS Red Army soldiers standing in open railcar, smiling & holding flower bouquets & waving goodbye as train departs. VO: "... left behind a democratic regime, select & supervise free elections. As a military force they left a 100,000 man army well-trained in U.S. tactics but lacking modern heavy equipment. With these American combat forces gone only a 500 man military mission remains. Russia released these films of troop departures from North Korea after having firmly established the usual Communist regime."
The Great Communicator Vol 2: The Military and the Soviet Union
September 26, 1983. Excerpt from Address Before the 38th Session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York, New York. Ronald Reagan addressing the United Nations on the Soviet downing of the KAL passenger jet: C/As of Korean & Soviet delegates. "Reactions to the Korean airliner tragedy are a timely reminder of just how different the Soviets' concept of truth and international cooperation is from that of the rest of the world. Evidence abounds that we cannot simply assume that agreements negotiated with the Soviet Union will be fulfilled." edit "Just look at the world over the last 30 years and then decide for yourself whether the United States or the Soviet Union has pursued an expansionist policy."
Unknown Soliders Military Cortege
Fooage is damaged. Large video drop out lines and instability Washington, DC., The Unknown Soldiers of World War II and of the Korean conflict lie in state in the capitol rotunda-prior to solemn and reverent interment at Arlington National Cemetery. Outside shot The White House, camera panning down. MS - US Army, Navy and Marines carrying the casket draped in the American Flag. MS - The Unknown Soldiers are laid in state in the White House Rotunda.
News in Brief: Washington, Truman Signs Price Bill.
News in Brief: Washington, Truman Signs Price Bill. The president reluctantly signs the wage and price bill sent to him by Congress just five hours before the expiration of the old law. He also presents the Medal of Honor to Lieutenant Henry A. Commiskey for conspicuous gallantry in Korea (Korean war hero). Harry S Truman, frowning, signs a bill; shot of his signature and the document. President Truman places medal around man's neck. MS Congressional Medal winner.
U.S. and RoK Soldiers in Combat
Master 1482 - Tape 2 CU wheels and tread of tank rolling on dirt road. TLS/MSs U.S. Army and South Korean (RoK) Army soldiers kneeling in grass during combat in valley, mountains in BG. TLS several U.S. and RoK soldiers standing by Sherman tank, attention geared off-screen. MSs soldier advancing from safety of tank, jogging along dirt road, heavy smoke in BG. TLS soldiers firing machine gun from behind cobbled rock wall during firefight. Rear view MS two soldiers, mountain in BG. TLS soldiers creeping along road, advancing assault. TLS Sherman tank parked on dirt road, weapons aimed to screen left. VO: "... offensive in Korea rolls forward. Along the southern perimeter, where major breakthroughs were reported this week, Defense Department cameramen film action in a key spot. American and South Korean troops, spearheaded by tanks, try to smash an enemy roadblock, one of many rear-guard obstacles thrown up by the Reds. With sniper fire silenced, they move up for the assault."
Korea: Marshall Says Troops Must Insure Security.
Korea: Marshall Says Troops Must Insure Security. Hopes for a quick armistice in Korea are seen as cease-fire talks are placed on agenda of new truce talks at Kaesong. Meanwhile, in Washington, Defense Secretary George Marshall says the U.N. aim is to insure a peaceful settlement and provide for a unified Korea. Korean men (all wearing same type of clothing -- are these military men?) aim motion picture and still cameras (press? journalists?). United Nations officials sit on a front step of building. VS officials coming to the meeting; Caucasian and Korean folks (some are journalists) gather around and chat. A friendly, more relaxed atmosphere -- one man brings a beverage to others. (They seem so hopeful -- it's sad, then, that the war didn't end for another two years.) Secretary Marshall speaks to camera about the goal of a unified Korea.
Students Riot In Tokyo
Students Riot In Tokyo "The Korean revolt had hardly been completed when students in Tokyo riot against the new regime. They also demand the withdrawal of U.S. Forces from Korea and want it to unite with the red north." Newsreel of Japanese students protesting the new Korean government, wanting UN troop withdrawal and South Korea to reunite with North Korea. MS's students violently clashing with police. CU's bloodied group leaders being led away by police.
Focus on the 50's - International Conflicts
Fireball. Explosion. Four adult male North Korean soldiers walking across smoldering battlefield; fire and smoke rising in BG. July 19, 1950, Radio and Television Address to the American People on the Situation in Korea, U.S. President Harry S. Truman speaks at podium: "Korea is a small country, thousands of miles away. But what is happening there is important to every American." Colored political map showing the 38th parallel dividing North and South Korea, with the red color (North Korea), bleeding down into South Korea as the North Koreans invaded; U.S.S.R. and China's borders with North Korea also shown. Truman: "On Sunday, June 25th, Communist forces attacked the Republic of Korea. Free nations must be on their guard more than ever before against this kind of sneak attack."
Soviet Troops Quit Korea.
Shaky, blurry and dull in contrast and imagery Rare films from Red-Dominated Northern sector of Korea, where Russian troops are shown marching through the street ostensibly on their way home. Huge throngs look on, as the world ponders this new move in communist world politics. During their stay in Korea they created a tight core of communist influence. As they depart they leave behind a well trained Korean establishment and the people indoctrinated with Soviet methods. Shortly after these pictures were taken a group of 3,000 well disciplined and armed Northern Koreans invaded the Southern half of the country still occupied by Americans. Another Red - Power Play - in the Cold War.
News in Brief: Sgt. Reckless And Recruit.
News in Brief: Sgt. Reckless And Recruit. At Camp Pendleton, California, a heroic Marine veteran of the Korean War, Sgt. Reckless, a supply horse honored for service under fire, gives a new recruit to the Corp. Sign: Camp Pendleton Riding Stables. Large handmade banner - "It's a Boy. Mother and Son Doing Fine." Baby horse scrambles to its feet beside mother; the foal apparently is named "Private Fearless." Sergeant Reckless - wearing a label naming her as such - runs with the young horse.
Mummy of Vladimir Lenin
Master 1791 - Tape 1 CU Communist Hammer and Sickle emblem stamped over Korean peninsula, zoom out. Dissolve to sideview MS mummified, embalmed remains of Soviet leader VLADIMIR LENIN (Vladimir Illich Ulyanov, Vladimir Illyich Lenin, V.I. Lenin) on display in Mausoleum, Red Square, Moscow, Russia. Tighter shot of Lenin's well-preserved corpse.
Korea: UN Prisoners Reported Murdered.
Korea: UN Prisoners Reported Murdered. Reports of new atrocities against American troops, as well as other nationalities, are revealed as films of murdered prisoners of war (POWs) reach the screen, stirring indignation in all parts of the free world. Incredible scenes of barbarism by Communist Koreans and Chinese. Refugees walking on road. VS corpses on the ground, lots of them, hands tied behind their backs (one close shot of dead prisoner's hands tied). Man washes the fingers of one of the dead (?); a scene of tenderness and human dignity amid the atrocity. More corpses, these Asian people (VO says these victims are Korean women and children). VS stacks of dead bodies. Horrible, war is hell.
Training ROK Forces
Adult Korean male ROK soldiers in training; troops climb over dirt wall, crawl on stomachs through barbed wire course with live ammunition. Adult Caucasian male U.S. Army soldier loads machine gun; machine gun barrel fires bullets; explosion. Young adult ROK male soldiers crawling under barbed wire and across open field with explosions. Young adult male Republic of Korea soldiers scale trench, run through course and stab targets with bayonets. Adult Caucasian male U.S. Army gunner seated in bunker, fires machine gun at course. Adult Caucasian male U.N. Military officers walk past trainees. Adult South Korean male troops scale log wall, rope bridge, obstacle course and stab burlap targets with bayonets. Military tank drives in open field. Group of adult male ROK soldiers practicing bayonet skills. Two ROK infantry men spar wearing Kumdo combat helmets.
U.N. Security Council, Outbreak of Hostilities in Korea
Master 1841 - Tape 1 TLS United Nations Secretary General TRYGVIE LIE of Norway delivers interim report to U.N. Security Council regarding invasion of South Korea by communist North Korea: "The present situation is a serious one and is a threat to international peace. The Security Council is, Mr. President, in my opinion, the competent organ to deal with it. I consider it the duty of the security council to takes steps necessary to reestablish peace in that area." Dissolve to MS United States Deputy Ambassador to the United Nations ERNEST A. GROSS (Ernest Gross, Ernie Gross) speaking to U.N. Security Council: "To the governments of all peace and freedom-loving nations. A full scale attack is now going forward in Korea. It is an invasion upon a state which the United Nations itself by action of its General Assembly has brought into being. It is armed aggression against a government elected under U.N. supervision. Such an attack strikes at the fundamental purposes of the United Nations charter. Such an attack openly defies the interests and authority of the United Nations. Such an attack, therefore, Mr. President, concerns the vital interest which all the members of the U.N. have in this organization. The history of the Korean problem is well-known--" Dissolve to TLS/MSs (South) Korean Ambassador to the United Nations CHONG-UN speaking to Security Council: "My country, whose government was brought into being by the United Nations, is now suffering from an unprovoked attack by military forces from North Korea. This unprovoked, armed attack by forces of the north against the Republic of Korea is a crime against humanity and the conscience of mankind. Invasion of my country is an act of aggression and a threat to international peace and security. I appeal to the Security Council to act forthwith in removing this threat to international peace. I also appeal to the Security Council to direct the invaders to cease fire and withdraw from our territory. "
Operation Killer, 1951
Master 1495 - Tape 1 TLS South Korean (Republic of Korea or ROK) & U.S. Army soldiers of the 8th Army dressed in heavy winter fatigues marching through snow, headed toward banks of Han River. MS RoK soldier wearing arctic hat, parka, marching past cam w/ shouldered rifle outfitted w/ bayonet. MSs U.S. soldiers carrying disassembled muzzle of light machine gun & mortar over shoulders. TLS RoK & U.S. infantry setting temp point on wintry hill. TLSs UN forces engaged in hilltop combat with Chinese guerillas-- soldiers man machine gun, fire M-1 carbine rifles from crouched positions. Rear view shot soldiers watching smoke rising from mountain in BG while jet fighter swoops across screen. MS U.S. soldier squatting in snow with bayonet-affixed rifle. TLSs U.S. Army M46 Patton tanks driving through snow in armored column. TLS M-26 Pershing tank motoring slowly past burning village hut. TLS/MSs U.S. Army infantry unit marching along snowy path, then jumping for cover in snow banks following sniper fire. TLS small explosion by tree in snow. MS U.S. soldiers marching through deep snow with M1 carbine rifles. TLS/MSs soldiers hitting snow, returning fire, then advancing. TLS dead body & loose military boot on snowy hill. MSs snow-covered bodies of dead North Korean (KPA) soldiers or Red Chinese guerillas.
Jets, Combat and Refugees in Korea
Master 1841 - Tape 1 LS two U.S. Navy Grumman F-9 (F9F-2) Panther fighter jet planes on deck of aircraft carrier, pan right with one taking off. (14-11) LSs artillery smoke rising in valley during combat, Korea. TLS U.S. Army soldiers firing four barrel heavy machine guns into hills, fighting guerillas. Tilting high angle TLS white male U.S. Army soldier running through dried river gully. TLS/LSs U.S. Marines walking across rocks, resting on rocky hillside. MS weary warriors walking up hill, one smoking cigarette. MS two white male U.S. Army soldiers (one wearing glasses) crouched behind vehicle, waiting for coast to clear w/ M-1 Garand rifles in hand. LS smoke flooding valley, U.S. soldier in FG. (67-1) Great high angle MS Korean infant being held by mother, another child on screen left. TLS Korean refugees milling in foothill, U.S. Army soldier standing in FG. (55-8)
PW Exchange Agreement Signed To Return Wounded
Dull in imagery and contrast, DOS At Panmunjom, UN and Communist liaison teams sign an agreement to exchange sick and wounded prisoners of war, and the reds request resumption of full-scale truce talks. MLS - Military and high officials are gathered at the truce village of Panmunjom. MCUS -High raking Korean officer pointing out something, a young DeGaulle standing in the back ground. MLS - Admiral John Daniels leads the liaison group for a final conference. LS - A exposition in the hills of Korea. CUS - Signing of the peace agreement
Launch U. S. Liner
Shaky, grainy, dark in contrast and imagery Launch U. S. Liner America's merchant marine gets an addition with the launching of the President Jackson. The 20,000 ton vessel is christened by Mrs. Alben Barkley. Requisitioned by the Navy while under construction and completed as a troop transport for use in the Korean War. Renamed U.S.S. BARRETT (T-AP 196). Continued in Navy service until transferred to the Maritime Administration in March 1973. Loaned to New York State Maritime College 1973 and renamed EMPIRE STATE V, later EMPIRE STATE.
USAF Operations in Korea
Three middle-aged adult Caucasian male US pilots wearing flight suits while talking with Caucasian adult male serviceman wearing tan cap and standing next to wheel of plane. Caucasian adult male soldier relaxes on ground, reading comic book. Three Caucasian adult airmen look over Korean language book. Caucasian adult male mechanic replaces gun cover on B-29 bomber, inspects weapons in belly of aircraft.
Sniper Patrol
Master 1487 - Tape 1 Rear view TLS U.S. Army soldiers patrolling dirt road in Korea, walking slowly along flanks. Great rear view MS U.S. soldier running in crouch along side of road. MS white male U.S. Army soldier firing M1 Garand rifle with telescopic sight from behind embankment; sniper has camouflage twigs & leaves stuck in netting of M1 helmet, wears glasses. MS white male U.S. soldiers kneeling in gulley with M1 rifles. Rear view MS U.S. soldier peering at hillside through binoculars; M1 helmet has camouflage cover pattern. Rear view MS U.S. soldier crawling up hill with M1 rifle w/ telescopic sight. MS U.S. sniper firing rifle twice. MS North Korean guerilla sniper laying dead on ground; note the bullet hole in his helmet. MCU U.S. Army Sergeant First Class standing, looking down. MS South Korean (Republic of Korea, RoK) and U.S. Army soldiers displaying captured Red Communist flag. VO: "Snipers must be cleaned out from the flanks. Up ahead, continue to harass the patrol, the riflemen move out for counter-action. This sniper is stopped for good. GIs found him carrying a Red battle flag, the patrol's trophy of the day."
Impeachment Hearings. House Judiciary Committee, July 30, 1974. Cambodia Bombing Article of Impeachment. Lawrence Hogan
Members of Congress, as has been indicated by my friend from Virginia, knew about this from the beginning. But let's recall that virtually every single President has engaged in military activities without the prior consent of Congress. The Korean War was called a "Police Action." There never was a declaration of war. And I don't think it would have been justifiable to impeach President Truman on that basis. All the military experts agree that the Cambodian bombing helped to accelerate the end of the war and the return of the prisoners of war. But even if we do conclude that the President's actions in this instance did exceed his constitutional authority, no one can say that he did not act except in what he perceived to be the best interests of his country. There was no gain. There was no coverup. There was no effort to evade responsibility for actions of he and his associates as we have seen in some of the other material coming before us. He was doing his duty as be saw it to protect American troops, to end the war, and to use bargaining power to get our prisoners of war home. I think it would be an American tragedy if he were impeached on this basis.
Focus on the 50's - International Conflicts
MS of empty USSR seat at the UN. MS's of Army, Marines and Navy soldiers marching in Washington, arms shouldered. MS's & CU's of UN soldiers fighting, advancing in Korea. TLS's of beaten fighters landing on carriers. MS of wounded man being carried. MS's of Korean refugees. TLS's of UN army tanks crossing a river. MS's of supplies arriving in Korea. MS's of UN soldiers marching, inspecting rifles, delegating supplies. UN invades Inchon: tLS's of naval bombast, then MS's of soldiers landing and advancing. MS's of S. Korean vigilantes beating a suspected turncoat on a rural road. MS's of refugees walking.