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War Prisoners: Release of Red List Spurs Hope of Safety.
War Prisoners: Release of Red List Spurs Hope of Safety. "The sudden release of 3,198 American prisoners-of-war held by the Reds in North Korea brings hope to the families of the men that they may soon be returned. As the names of POWs are flashed into the Pentagon and thence into U.S. homes, heart-warming scenes unfold. Mrs. William Dean, wife of the missing general, pins her telegram on the Christmas tree." Exterior, military police (MPs) guarding tent. United Nations and Korean representatives go inside tent, conduct a meeting. Sign above a door, "Army Communications Center." Interior, communications center men working (looks like they're doing something with long strips of ticker tape). VS American POWs, some looking gaunt or wounded, apparently upon their release. VS Major General William Dean. Mailbox of Wm. F. Dean. Mrs. Dean reads telegram, smiles, holds it up against Christmas tree. Another woman (wife, homefront) says prayer, then kisses photograph of her loved one overseas. Shot of a soldier's parents opening telegram, kissing in their joy. The mother says, "He's alive!" and expresses her joy and hope; emotional moment, even if she's speaking just because the camera is there.
Flash Points USA - America at War - Robert Dallek
Flash Points USA - America at War - Robert Dallek (raw interview with Robert Dallek speaking about various Presidents) 07.09.57 Robert Dallek says "Things have changed dramatically in the sense that the Civil War was an all out war, World Wars One and Two were all out conflicts, but since then we've fought a series of limited wars, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, the second Gulf War. We have nuclear weapons, we could pull all our troops out of Iraq and decimate the whole place by dropping a couple atomic bombs on them....Lyndon Johnson was counseled to us a tactical nuclear weapon, and he refused because he thought this would touch off World War Three and wisely refused. We have all this power, but it's an illusion, you can't really use it, and however much you can defeat an army in a face to face conflict as we did with the Iraqi Army in Iraq, what do you do when you face an insurgency? What are you going to do when you have to struggle with a kind of urban conflict, are you going to put a million man army into Iraq, to police every city, control every nook and cranny of the place? We're not going to do that, and the public isn't ready to support it. Are we going to expend how many more billions of dollars to occupy and take the place over, we don't want to be seen as a colonial occupying power. 07.11.22 Dallek continues "As it is our reputation in the Middle East has been so badly blighted by being there with 135,000 troops, so we need an exit strategy. And the exit strategy at the moment is well, get the UN involved, get NATO involved, internationalize this, get the Arab states to put troops in, but they're not coming forward so quickly to do it and so Mr. Bush has gotten us into a terrible predicament, which he doesn't have the answers to, he hopes he may have some answers to them, but if he doesn't come up with something in the next five or six months, it's probably going to mean the loss of the Presidency for him." 07.12.04 Robert Dallek says that wars have gotten "more muddled, more difficult to control, and you can't fight an all out war anymore, because you can't use nuclear weapons, and who are you going to fight? Now, we're locked in this struggle against terrorism, and how do you fight this war against terrorism? This is a diffuse movement, there are some maybe in France, maybe in Italy, maybe in the United States, and Africa, the Middle East....how do you do this? It's a tremendous dilemma which is probably going to haunt us for the next maybe thirty, forty, and even fifty years."
News in Brief: Rock Hudson Honored.
News in Brief: Rock Hudson Honored. Rock Hudson is honored at a reception in the Korean Embassy in Washington for his portrayal of Col. Dean Hess, savior of thousands of Korean war waifs, in U-I's new production 'Battle Hymn'. Exteriors of the Korean embassy. Actor Rock Hudson and his wife Phyllis Gates are welcomed, then smile and shake hands with various people.
U.N. Operations in Korea
Adult male Caucasian U.S. Army soldiers frisk South Korean adult male civilians lined up outside small town. American G.I. with rifle and bayonet, patrolling men. Adult male Republic of Korea soldiers stand guard over North Korean male prisoners huddled in the cold and snow, hands tied behind their backs. Shirtless young adult North Korean male captives walk down road, hands on their heads, followed by two RoK Army soldiers.
Biography: Harry S. Truman
(Korean War) Battle scenes. Trucks stuck in the mud. Weary soldiers. General Douglas MacArthur looking at map in jeep.
MCA Trailer - Battle Hymn
MCA/Universal pictures. "Battle Hymn" A war drama starring ROCK HUDSON and MARTHA HYER. Based upon the true story of an American priest who joins the Air Force during Korean War.
Korea Marks Invasion Anniversary
Audio is low on screener 30,000 South korean students take part in observances of the 5th anniversary of the red invasion that launced the korean war. Establishing shot - Marching parade. MLS - Inspite of the pelting rain 30,000 South Korean students take part in the celebration. MLS - President Syngman Rhee. CUS - Young girl, student getting soak and wet. CUS - Other students either singing or reciting a pledge.
Flash Points USA - America At War - Jean Folkerts
Flash Points USA America At War - Jean Folkerts Interview (raw footage from interview with Jean Folkerts, a Professor of Media History at GWU, George Washington University) 01.01.53 Jean Folkerts is asked question about Abraham Lincoln, what lead him into war? Jean Folkerts says that it was the firing of Fort Sumter, that Lincoln was not the type of President eager to go into war, that he was "dragged" into the Civil War. That the public was divided in many ways, some people in the South wanted to have a division, to be separate from the North and there were many people Northerners and Southerners who were highly supportive of the Union. There was a great deal of "fear" associated with the stability of the country at that time. There were Northerners also who thought we need to put these Southerners down and finish this "once and for all"....The whole issue of slavery was there, there were abolitionists, people who wanted to deport all the africans to Liberia, there was not a unified opinion on slavery. 01.03.58 Break in tape, cameraman asks Folkerts not to lean to side 01.04.34 Jean Folkerts continues "It was keeping the Union together which was the final motivator I think for Lincoln. He was a country lawyer from Illinois, he was very committed to the Union and the sense of the country as a whole. His background didn't really lead him into being a "commander in chief", if anything he was un-prepared". Says Lincoln is remembered today "as the hero, the emancipator, as the person who ended slavery, Lincoln enjoys a great historical reputation." Folkerts continues by saying that he wasn't a very good commander in chief, that he had a lot of trouble with his generals, they were always fighting amongst each other. 01.05.58 Jean Folkerts says that the war helped Lincolns presidency, but since he was assassinated that that always helps your "hero" status, once he was assassinated he didn't have to finish his Presidency and didn't have to go through the re-construction of the country, he like Kennedy went out on the "high point". Says "If you die as a young President especially as Kennedy did, Kennedy never got tied up with the legacy of Vietnam even though he started it, because he was assassinated and was the young President hero and will always be that." Continues to say that "Kennedy has always escaped the legacy of Vietnam, because it really was Lyndon Johnson who did the build up of the troops and who is mostly identified with Vietnam." Kennedy had this aura of "great grace" and the ability to move internationally with a degree of class. 01.08.33 Jean Folkerts talks about Woodrow Wilson and says that World War One was a very controversial war, people thought it was a european war, that we were only going to war because the munitions manufacturers were going to make money off of it, Wilson had a vision of world peace. "Wilson's unfortunate legacy is that the League of Nations did not transcend the circumstances ending the war. Had that been a stronger legacy then Wilson might be looked in a more popular vein." Wilson was perceived as an intellectual, bookish, and not a popular President." 01.10.15 Jean Folkerts says "I think very few of these Presidents have experiences that really lead them to be good commanders in chief. They have to do more with their leadership qualities and the ability to talk to different kinds of people, take in different kinds of information, listen to different kinds of opinions, so that I think the personality rather than the experience is more important." Folkerts says Kennedy was known for bringing in a lot of intellectuals into government. She says "The good leaders can hear different opinions, can think about them and can understand sometimes that their initial impulse is not the correct impulse necessarily. That's the criteria for a "good leader" not necessarily a commander in chief, but I think that's what makes a good commander in chief rather than someone who's necessarily been a private or a sergeant or fought in a war. Although, once fighting in a war certainly gives you an understanding you don't have otherwise." 01.11.39 Interviewer asks Folkerts, who was the best war-time President? Jean Folkerts says "In many ways I think FDR was. Roosevelt had a lot of charisma, he got credited with ending the Depression, probably the war had more to do with ending the Depression than Franklin Delano Roosevelt did. But, there are many, many people in the generation just older than us that believe that Franklin Delano Roosevelt saved the country from poverty." Folkerts continues saying the WWII was the least controversial war, because after Pearl Harbor it was seen as a war to protect our country. 01.13.40 Speaking about President Harry Truman, saying that the White House reporters liked Truman, they saw him as a really honest, decent, straight forward person. However, Truman did not like publishers, they didn't like each other. People didn't trust Truman's relationship with the Russians. Speaks about Truman's decision to drop the Atomic bomb, that it was about "ending the war". Truman's legacy ended up being the Korean war and the cold war. Folkerts says that Truman doesn't stand out as a very charismatic President. 01.19.21 Jean Folkerts talks about air raids, fear in the country at that time of communists, red china, the russians. She says that President Truman's legacy suffers for the Atomic bomb, that he actually mentioned to reporters at the time that the atomic bomb was being considered for use in the Korean War. 01.23.03 Folkerts speaks about President Richard Nixon, that the Vietnam War pales by comparison of what ultimately brought Nixon down, that "Nixon's legacy is always going to be Watergate, so the fact that he ended the Vietnam war will be seen more I think as an evitable end to something that wasn't working, rather than some brilliant move of Nixon. Nixon does get credit for going into China and foreign policy." Continues to say that by the end of LBJ's Presidency, it was clear who ever was the next President was going to get out of Vietnam, it was so mired at that point, the public had turned sour, the public and the media turned sour, but they turned sour after the public officials turned sour. She says that the "public officials started coming back, Senators, Congressman, started coming back from Vietnam saying I don't think this is going to work, this isn't going to continue..... once that comes back than it starts to swell and you get a bigger public domain of opinion about it. So the public reaction against Vietnam by the time Nixon comes in that I think it's really considered inevitable that it will be ended." 01.25.00 Jean Folkerts states that the Vietnam War damages LBJ's legacy enormously, all of the retrospective looks at the Gulf of Tonkin and feeling that that was unnecessary, all the protests, "how many kids have you killed today" ..... The positive side to LBJ's legacy is Civil Rights."
British & U.S. Army Soldiers in Korea
Master 1495 - Tape 1 Rear view MS three soldiers (first two are probably U.S.) in heavy winter gear (including US issue arctic caps aka ushanka hats) trudging up steep hill with rifles during Korean War (Korean Conflict) -- lead soldier had grenade-launcher affixed to M1 Garand rifle. MS two U.S. Army soldiers hiking up steep hill, lead soldier carrying Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) light machine gun. Rear view TLS British Army soldiers hiking through snowy wooded area. MSs U.S. soldiers crawling, crouching, advancing through snowy woods. MS British & American Army soldiers running for cover along rocky road while carrying Browning 1919A4 light machine gun, ammunition bandoliers & tripod. LS smoke rising from trees. MS two U.S. soldiers crouched in brush, U.S. Army soldier in FG loading, aiming & firing M1 Garand carbine rifle. (70-3)
Korea: Allies Press Northward As Seoul Is Liberated
Jumpy, blurry, faded and dull in contrast and imagery Korea: Allies Press Northward As Seoul Is Liberated Street fighting rages as Mop-Up Operations continue in the Korean capital, while United Nations Troops cross the 38th parallel to carry the fight to the Communists and eliminate war potential. MCU American troops go through a war torn Korean town. MLS American and South Korean soldiers are running with guns in hands passed some burning buildings. POV Inside a gutted building looking out the window at the carnage and destruction hat has taken place in Korea. LS Soldiers running in an open field. MCU A South Korean shooting off his assault riffle, CU Four soldiers carrying a wounded victim on a stretcher, MCU An army tank passes a burning building. CU Korean prisoners getting fed their one bowl of rice. MCU Military truck and tank pass by a burning building, Soldiers marching down the street with riffles ready to fire. CU of a destroyed army tank. CU Soldiers sleeping.
Flash Points USA - America at War - Colleen Shogun
Flash Points USA - America at War - Colleen Shogun (speaking about various Presidents) 04.01.35 Colleen Shogun speaks about President Abraham Lincoln, "Lincoln doesn't really rally the public to war, what he does is call the Congress back into session after the Civil War has already started and issues an address to Congress on July 4th, 1861 and talks about what he has done up until this point in prosecuting the war .....he uses the address to justify that the states do not have the power to secede the Union legally, he believes that the Union actually existed before the states, the Union actually created the States, therefore the States can not leave the Union legally without an unjustified revolt." 04.02.37 She continues to say that Lincoln actually waits for the "war" to come to him, "He could have had the choice to prosecute the war, the Confederates surround Fort Sumter in Charleston, and Lincoln could have easily ordered the troops that were hold up in Fort Sumter to fire upon the Confederates, but Lincoln is always three steps ahead of everyone else, that's sort of Lincoln's gift, and tells the Union to freeze and as a result the confederates get antsy and get impatient and he waits until the Confederates fire upon Fort Sumter. Lincoln does this because then a state if insurrection already exists, he did not start the war, the insurrection already exists and as a result he can prosecute the war as commander in chief, unilaterally without Congress' intervention." 04.03.53 Colleen Shogun speaks about Lincolns background, that he was not the first choice for the Republican nomination. She says that Lincoln was underestimated, he was a "dark horse" within the party. "Even during Lincolns Presidency, he's not perceived to be a "war hero", he's not considered a popular president, he doesn't think he's going to win the 1964 election. ......Lincolns is really catapulted into his very preferred status, his revered status after his assassination, but during his Presidency he's not considered someone who has saved the Union, someone who is trying to stick up for the principals contained in the Declaration of Independence. The Legacy that is conferred onto Lincoln comes afterwards, but not when he is President." 04.07.13 Shogun continues to say "The war definitely makes his legacy, the second Inaugural Address also makes his legacy. Probably his most famous piece of Presidential rhetoric, it's very complicated at the time because Lincoln is saying that the blame of the Civil War does not fall squarely on the shoulders of the South, that the South and the North have to share the blame of the war and that he is not in the position to judge who is good and who is evil, that actually god will judge who is good and who is evil." She states that this is very different from the rhetoric of Presidents of today, etc, judging who is good and who is bad, who has done things correctly or incorrectly, Lincoln on the other hand takes a step back and refuses to judge the North or the South. 04.09.01 Speaking about Woodrow Wilson and the Treaty of Versailles, she says "For the most part, throughout the war Wilson is able to garner public support for the war in the United States, he's certainly a hero in Europe and this is in part why he wants to go to Paris by himself, because there's parades, commemorations and dinners all thanking Woodrow Wilson and the American leadership in the war, so this is Wilson s time to shine in Europe. ........Originally Wilson backs away from war and says the alternative to war is armed neutrality, we can be prepared in the United States, we can be armed, but we can also remain neutral and then he changes his tone and says "armed neutrality" is no longer an option, because he views WWI as being a threat to democracy..." 04.12.14 Shogun states "Wilson is without doubt a principled visionary and is motivated by his own philosophical beliefs. Wilson is a political scientist, he's a scholar before he becomes a politician and is motivated by ideas of democracy, motivated by what he believes as being the institutions of democratic government. He's definitely ideologically and philosophically and intellectually motivated by his actions." 04.14.43 Shogun continues "What Truman says is that wars are no longer "declared" anymore, we have to react to situations as they evolve. So, Truman's understanding of it is that World affairs have changed and as a result the Presidency has to change along with the fact that world affairs have been altered." She continues to speak about President Truman and says that the Truman Administration classified the Korean War as a "police action". 04.17.41 "President's look at war and war making as an activity that can enhance their constitutional authority. They look at the commander and chief clause as being a vehicle for power, a vehicle for enhancing their own political capitol. It's an attractive prospect, because it allows the President to act independently. The problem is that wars don't often go the way that President's want them to go and there's an unpredictable nature to wars, all wars have an unpredictable nature, but particularly in modern warfare Presidents can't control everything that goes on in modern warfare and as a result they end up being more controlled by the war than controlling the actually event itself." She continues to say that modern President's should take a page from Lincoln who said "I understand that events control me, more than I control events." 04.19.13 She talks about George Bush, Sr. and that the strongest part of his legacy was his foreign policy involvements and the Iraq War, however his domestic record is weak.
Riots In Panmunjom
Riots In Panmunjom Little known is the fact that 8 years after the end of the Korean war, the joint military armistice commission still meets to resolve differences. Officials during joint meeting seated at desk writing and discussing. MP (Military Police) armband on officer. This time a small war breaks out as American GI's mix with Koreans after one slaps an American s face. Soldiers fighting in street. An American GI waves on a Korean to fight.
Korea: United Nations Hold Against Red Thrusts
Jumpy, blurry, dull in contrast and images - DOS Korea: United Nations Hold Against Red Thrusts Late films from the war front in Korea, where the tide of battle ebbs and flows. All along the front, outnumbered GI's and South Koreans hold doggedly to advance positions, while behind the lines, dramatic scenes unfold as American Boys who gave their lives are laid to rest. Red Communist prisoners help build their own POW camps. - In New York. Opening shot is South Korean refugees mainly old men and women and children. They wait for the train to relocate them. MS Refugees boarding the train and a MCU of refugees inside the train. MS American soldiers walking down a tree lined street, single file each side. South Korean soldiers walking with their firearms on their shoulders. American brass discussing war strategy with South Korean brass. LS of a bomb exploding in the hills of Korea. War damage done to one of the Korean towns, a corpse beneath the rubble. More than likely killed by one of the bombs. Damaged tanks CU. MS of stockpiled weapons. American soldiers examine the North Korean weapons. MS POW North Korean camp with prisoners walking around, the gates open to let in more. POWs cooking rice, CU. MS POWs sitting on mats eating their allotment of food for the day.
Korea: Decisive Battle Rages Along
Korea: Decisive Battle Rages Along The Korean War enters a decisive phase for united nation forces fighting to secure a beach-head. North Korean aggressors continue heavy pressure along the 140-mile front. The refugee problem adds to the troubles of American GI's fighting heroically. Meanwhile, B-29 bombers continue their interdiction raids against big targets, and fighter planes.
Greece and France Send Reinforcements
Various shots of men in uniform moving in crowds outside during the day, shots of troops from both sides of Korean War marching through urban streets and riding tanks past civilian crowds. LS of uniformed men standing in lines and raising weapons outside during the day. Various shots of men raising United Nations flag before crowd in urban street during the day. Various shots of troops gathered and soldiers saying goodbye to their families at harbor before boarding ship during the day.
A Conversation with Richard Nixon
Former U.S. Vice-President Richard Nixon believes the Vietnam War goes beyond Vietnam because if it was just about Vietnam, then it would hold no interest to the U.S. The war is about the U.S. and peace in the Pacific. It is about this new type of aggression and whether exporting it for revolutionary purposes is to succeed. Nixon brings up the Korean War, which he supported, though disagreed with the way it was carried out. He believes the outcome of the Korean War achieved the outcome that since no major power has attempted to spread its influence by marching across a foreign border. Vietnam is attempting conquest by going under a border, and that cannot be allowed either.
Casualties of War
Young adult male Chinese prisoners exit helicopter; walk past adult Caucasian male U.S. soldiers and board bus. Two young adult injured men carried to transport vehicle on stretchers.
US Marines Inspect Village
Caucasian adult male U.S. Marines frisk South Korean adult male civilians. Caucasian adult male American soldier armed with rifle and bayonet.
U.S. Marines and Tanks in Korea
U.S. military tank drives along countryside. Group of adult Caucasian male United States Marines, some wearing long coats and winter hats, walking along dirt road; U.S. military tank follows close behind. Smoldering wreckage of North Korean military tank. Dead adult male North Korean Army soldier laying in trench.
Battlefront: Guns Roar During Cardinal's Visit
Battlefront: Guns Roar During Cardinal's Visit Battle scenes along the fighting front in Korea. VS United Nations troops loading and firing big guns (artillery). Explosions hit nearby hillsides. Long shots of North Korean soldiers surrendering. Wounded POWs are helped along. Korean prisoners of war sit while their guns are piled next to them. Cardinal Spellman visits wounded soldiers at hospital while General Van Fleet looks on.
Nutcracker Offensive
Master 1783 - Tape 1 (Audio buzz running throughout) TLS/MSs U.S. Army soldiers kneeling, crouching through dry high grass while advancing through Korean countryside, valley. LSs smoke clouds rising from hills, mountains. TLS American GIs cautiously approaching stone & thatch hut with weapons drawn. TLS corpsmen carrying wounded soldier on stretcher. MS corpsmen carrying wounded soldier on stretcher, war-weary soldiers walking behind them, one GI sitting on shoulders of another GI. Aerial shot of several U.S. Marine landing barges sailing. "Nutcracker Offensive."
Captured Prisoners
Adult male Republic of Korea soldiers stand guard over North Korean male prisoners huddled in cold and snow, hands tied behind their backs.
Ceasefire Talks in Kaesong
U.N. Command personnel surround U.S. helicopter in Seoul, South Korea; South Korean (ROK) Army Lt. Colonel Soo Young Lei, U.S. Marine Corps Col. James Murray and U.S. Air Force Col. Andrew Kinney stand outside chopper. Two helicopters in flight. Large white “W” on landing zone in Kaesong. USAF ground crew directs pilot landing helicopter. Adult North Korean men and woman wearing military uniforms walk towards helicopter, U.N. delegates salute. Both parties walk away from helicopter. Col. Kinney seated in jeep, drives past Military Police officer. Two “US AIR FORCE RESCUE” helicopters take off. Aerial POV from cockpit. U.N.C. delegates seated across table from North Korean officials. U.S. helicopter lands at Munsan peace camp. Military personnel crowd helicopter.
1950s - British Soldiers In Korea - Disrupting Supply Line
VS of British soldiers digging into a Korean rail line. British soldier preparing explosives. Two large explosions. British soldiers standing around destroyed rail line; couple soldiers digging.