Meet Your Candidates Kennedy - Nixon / Meet Your Candidates. (Universal International News) As a public service this factual close-up of the 1960 presidential aspirates, on behalf of the motion picture industry. A montage on the campaign trail of both Senator John F. Kennedy and Vice President Nixon. Brief speech from both addressing the American public as to why they should vote for them for President. CU television monitors with Kennedy and then Nixon on screen. Candidates shake hands. Exclusive statements for the newsreels are made by both vice-president Richard M. Nixon and Senator John F. Kennedy, summing up reasons each feels himself best qualified for office of President of the United States. Both candidates are shown during important moments in their political careers. Kennedy is seen receiving ovation of democratic national convention following his victory on the first ballot. Fourteen-years in Washington six as representative and eight as senator -led to this event he played an active role in committees dealing with labor relations to foreign affairs. At home he shares family life with wife Jacqueline and daughter Caroline. Nixon is hailed by republican national convention as successor to Eisenhower. In enlarged role as vice-president he took part in administration's deliberations and represented the president abroad. He and Khrushchev held publicized 'kitchen debate' in Moscow. Father of two daughters, Tricia and Julie, he was accompanied by wife pat on his campaign tours.
Dec 2, 1960, Cow Palace, San Francisco, CA. MS of Senator JOHN F. KENNEDY speaking at rally on campaign trail, 1960, where he verbally trashes the Republican party & Richard Nixon. "I run against a candidate who reminds me of the symbol of his Party. The circus elephant, his head full of ivory. A long memory and no vision and you have seen elephants being led around the circus ring, they grab the tail of the elephant in front of them. That was all right in 1952 and 1956, but there s no tail to grab this year, it s Mr. Nixon himself and I don t believe he will resecure an endorsement of the majority of citizens of this country." Shots on campaign trail. Cheering supporters.
Sept, 12, 1960 Address of Senator John F. Kennedy to the Greater Houston Ministerial Association. JFK says there are greater issues than that of his Catholic faith, calling attention to the spread of communism around the world (especially in Cuba), the mistreatment of American officials in former allied countries, domestic poverty, the elderly, our slow progress into the space race, etc. C/A shots of Mr. Kennedy, accompanied by wife JACQUELINE KENNEDY, on campaign trail. MSs of men speaking at a meeting of Southern ministers, "Please understand that this is not a political rally. This is a meeting of the Association of ministers. And we rely upon your sense for good order, proper respect for the nominee to the highest office of our land, and good Christain behavior generally." Another gentleman, "Contrary to common propaganda, the South is not a hotbed of religious or racial intolerance. There are many honest minds that are raising honest questions. Many Catholics differ with us on many questions that are relevant to the wellfare of our country. The fact that the Senator is with us tonight is to concede that a religious issues does exist. It is because there are many serious minds, decently raising questions that we have invited the speaker of the evening. It is for that same reason that we have allowed this meeting to be broadcast. To that end, I would like to introduce at this time, the Senator from MAssachuetts and the Democratic canidate for the President of teh United States, Senator John F Kennedy." JFK assumes podium to deliver speech, "Reverend Meza, Reverend Reck, I'm grateful for your generous invitation to speak my views. While the so-called religious issue is necessarily and properly the chief topic here tonight, I want to emphasize from the outset that I believe that we have far more critical issues in the 1960 campaign; the spread of Communist influence, until it now festers 90 miles off the coast of Florida, the humiliating treatment of our President and Vice President by those who no longer respect our power, the hungry children I saw in West Virginia, the old people who cannot pay their doctor bills, the families forced to give up their farms, an America with too many slums, with too few schools, and too late to the moon and outer space. These are the real issues which should decide this campaign. And they are not religious issues, for war and hunger and ignorance and despair know no religious barriers. But because I am a Catholic, and no Catholic has ever been elected President, the real issues in this campaign have been obscured--perhaps deliberately, in some quarters less responsible than this. So it is apparently necessary for me to state once again--not what kind of church I believe in, for that should be important only to me, but what kind of America I believe in. I believe in an America where the separation of church and state is absolute, where no Catholic prelate would tell the President (should he be Catholic) how to act, and no Protestant minister would tell his parishoners for whom to vote, where no church or church school is granted any public funds or political preference and where no man is denied public office merely because his religion differs from the President who might appoint him or the people who might elect him. I believe in an America that is officially neither Catholic, Protestant nor Jewish, where no public official either requests or accepts instructions on public policy from the Pope, the National Council of Churches or any other ecclesiastical source, where no religious body seeks to impose its will directly or indirectly upon the general populace or the public acts of its officials and where religious liberty is so indivisible that an act against one church is treated as an act against all. For while this year it may be a Catholic against whom the finger of suspicion is pointed, in other years it has been, and may someday be again, a Jew or a Quaker or a Unitarian or a Baptist. It was Virginia's harassment of Baptist preachers, for example, that helped lead to Jefferson's statute of religious freedom. Today I may be the victim, but tomorrow it may be you, until the whole fabric of our harmonious society is ripped apart at a time of great national peril."
MSs of Sen. JOHN F. KENNEDY talking with Vice President RICHARD NIXON at WBBM-TV studio before a televised debate in 1960; shots of TV screen relaying signal of JFK debating. MS of Mr. Kennedy delivering speech at campaign rally, quoting all the libelous things Richard Nixon has publicly said. "Can you imagine if this country elects a Democratic House and a Democratic Senate and elects Dick Nixon Republican President of the United States? And then Lyndon Johnson and Sam Raburn go over to meet with him as the leader of the Congress and sit down with Dick Nixon, who in 1952 said Adlai Stevenson had a degree from the "Cowardly College of Containment." In 1954, called Truman a traitor. In 1960, called me a liar. In 1960, called Lyndon an ignoramus. Lyndon says he called me one. No, I say he called Lyndon one. He called me rash, imprudent, reckless, naive and uninformed, but he called Lyndon an ignoramus. You think he s going to sit down and work with him? I don t care how many rescue squads they send to help Dick Nixon travel around the United States. I don t care if Cabot Lodge and Nelson Rockefeller and Barry Goldwater all prop him up and push him forward and I don t care if they add Dewey, Landon and Hoover to advise them how to win."
June 11, 1963 Excerpt of President JOHN F. KENNEDY delivering a National address regarding the commission of the National Guard to ensure the enrollment of two African-American students into the University of Alabama. "Good evening my fellow citizens: This afternoon, following a series of threats and defiant statements, the presence of Alabama National Guardsmen was required on the University of Alabama to carry out the final and unequivocal order of the United States District Court of the Northern District of Alabama. That order called for the admission of two clearly qualified young Alabama residents who happened to have been born Negro. That they were admitted peacefully on the campus is due in good measure to the conduct of the students of the University of Alabama, who met their responsibilities in a constructive way. I hope that every American, regardless of where he lives, will stop and examine his conscience about this and other related incidents. This Nation was founded by men of many nations and backgrounds. It was founded on the principle that all men are created equal, and that the rights of every man are diminished when the rights of one man are threatened. Today we are committed to a worldwide struggle to promote and protect the rights of all who wish to be free. And when Americans are sent to Vietnam or West Berlin, we do not ask for whites only. It ought to be possible, therefore, for American students of any color to attend any public institution they select without having to be backed up by troops."
September 25, 1961 Excerpt of President JOHN F. KENNEDY addressing the United Nations: "Every man, woman and child lives under a nuclear sword of Damocles, hanging by the slenderest of threads, capable of being cut at any moment by accident or miscalculation or by madness. The weapons of war must be abolished before they abolish us."
May 25, 1961 Excerpt of President JOHN F. KENNEDY delivering State of the Union speech to Joint Session of Congress: "...we are anxious to live in harmony with the Russian people, that we seek no conquests, no satellites, no riches, that we seek only the day when nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more. Finally, our greatest asset in this struggle is the American people, their willingness to pay the price for these programs, to understand and accept a long struggle, to share their resources with other less fortunate people, to meet the tax levels and close the tax loopholes I have requested, to exercise self-restraint instead of pushing up wages or prices, or over-producing certain crops, or spreading military secrets, or urging unessential expenditures or improper monopolies or harmful work stoppages, to serve in the Peace Corps or the Armed Services or the Federal Civil Service or the Congress, to strive for excellence in their schools, in their cities and in their physical fitness and that of their children, to take part in Civil Defense, to pay higher postal rates, and higher payroll taxes and higher teachers' salaries, in order to strengthen our society, to show friendship to students and visitors from other lands who visit us and go back in many cases to be the future leaders, with an image of America, and I want that image, and I know you do, to be affirmative and positive. And, finally, to practice democracy at home, in all States, with all races, to respect each other and to protect the Constitutional rights of all citizens. I have not asked for a single program which did not cause one or all Americans some inconvenience, or some hardship, or some sacrifice. But they have responded and you in the Congress have responded to your duty. And I feel confident in asking today for a similar response to these new and larger demands. It is heartening to know, as I journey abroad, that our country is united in its commitment to freedom and is ready to do its duty." Mr. Kennedy shakes hands with Vice-President LYNDON JOHNSON and the Speaker of the House before leaving rostrum.
Use catalog # 429084 for complete speech. September 12, 1962 Excerpt of President JOHN F. KENNEDY speaking at Rice University in Houston, Texas. "We set sail on this new sea because there is new knowledge to be gained, and new rights to be won, and they must be won and used for the progress of all people. For space science, like nuclear science and all technology, has no conscience of its own. Whether it will become a force for good or ill depends on man, and only if the United States occupies a position of pre-eminence can we help decide whether this new ocean will be a sea of peace or a new terrifying theater of war. I do not say the we should or will go unprotected against the hostile misuse of space any more than we go unprotected against the hostile use of land or sea, but I do say that space can be explored and mastered without feeding the fires of war, without repeating the mistakes that man has made in extending his writ around this globe of ours. There is no strife, no prejudice, no national conflict in outer space as yet. Its hazards are hostile to us all. Its conquest deserves the best of all mankind, and its opportunity for peaceful cooperation many never come again. But why, some say, the moon? Why choose this as our goal? And they may well ask why climb the highest mountain? Why, 35 years ago, fly the Atlantic? Why does Rice play Texas? We choose to go to the moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not only because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win, and the others, too."
June 26, 1963 Excerpt of President JOHN F. KENNEDY delivering the "Ich Bin Ein Berliner" speech in West Berlin. "Two thousand years ago. Two thousand years ago, the proudest boast was "civis Romanus sum." Today, in the world of freedom the proudest boast is "Ich bin ein Berliner." I appreciate my interpreter translating my German. There are many people in the world who really don t understand, or say they don t, what is the great issue between the Free World and the Communist World. Let them come to Berlin. There are some who say that Communism is the wave of the future. Let them come to Berlin. And there are some who say in Europe and elsewhere we can work with the Communists. Let them come to Berlin. And there are even a few who say that it s true that Communism is an evil system but it permits us to make economic progress. Lass' sie nach Berlin kommen. Let them come to Berlin. Freedom has many difficulties and democracy is not perfect, but we have never had to put a wall up to keep our people in. To prevent them from leaving us. You live in a defended island of freedom, but your life is part of the main. So let me ask you as I close to lift your eyes beyond the dangers of today to the hopes of tomorrow. Beyond the freedom merely of this city of Berlin or your country of Germany to the advance of freedom everywhere. Beyond the wall to the day of peace with justice. Beyond yourselves and ourselves to all Mankind. Freedom is indivisible and when one man is enslaved, all are not free. And when all are free, them we can look forward to that day and this city will be joined as one and this country and this great continent of Europe in a peaceful and hopeful globe. When that day finally comes, as it will, the people of West Berlin can take sober satisfaction in the fact they were in the front lines for almost two decades. All free men, wherever they may live, are citizens of Berlin. And therefore, as a free man I take pride in the word Ich bin ein Berliner. Good C/As throughout of West Berliners in audience, listening, taking pictures, etc.
October 22, 1962 Excerpts of President JOHN F. KENNEDY addressing the Nation on the Cuban Missile Crisis. "This Government, as promised, has maintained the closest surveillance of the Soviet Military buildup on the island of Cuba. Within the past week, unmistakable evidence has established the fact that a series of offensive missile sites is now in preparation on that imprisoned island. The purpose of these bases can be none other than to provide a nuclear strike capability against the Western Hemisphere." Edit. "Only last Thursday, as evidence of this rapid offensive buildup was already in my hand, Soviet Foreign Minister Gromyko told me in my office that he was instructed to make it clear once again, as he said his government had already done, that Soviet assistance to Cuba, and I quote, pursued solely the purpose of contributing to the the defense capabilities of Cuba, that, and I quote him, training by Soviet specialists of Cuban nationals in handling defensive armaments was by no means offensive, and if it were otherwise. Mr. Gromyko went on, the Soviet Government would never become involved in rendering such assistance. That statement also was false." Edit. "Acting, therefore, in the defense of our own security and of the entire Western Hemisphere, and under the authority entrusted to me by the Constitution as endorsed by the resolution of the Congress, I have directed that the following initial steps be taken immediately: First: To halt this offensive buildup, a strict quarantine on all offensive military equipment under shipment to Cuba is being initiated. All ships of any kind bound for Cuba from whatever nation or port will, if found to contain cargoes of offensive weapons, be turned back." Edit. "It shall be the policy of this Nation to regard any nuclear missile launched from Cuba against any nation in the Western Hemisphere as an attack by the Soviet Union on the United States, requiring a full retaliatory response upon the Soviet Union." Edit. "I call upon Chairman Khrushchev to halt and eliminate this clandestine, reckless and provocative threat to world peace and to stable relations between our two nations. I call upon him further to abandon this course of world domination, and to join in an historic effort to end the perilous arms race and to transform the history of man." Edit. "Our goal is not the victory of might, but the vindication of right- -not peace at the expense of freedom, but both peace and freedom, here in this hemisphere, and, we hope, around the world. God willing, that goal will be achieved."
JFK campaigning in the Midwest, 1959-1960-- Good TLS/MSs large crowd gathered in town square. MS JOHN F. KENNEDY walking onto crowded platform, waving, smiling. MS Mr. Kennedy speaking to crowd (buzz throughout speech; can be fixed in mastering): "I come today & present to you a clear alternate between the Republican party & the Democratic Party; between the party of progress & the party of standing still; between the party that looks ahead & the party that says we ought to stay where we are. I ask your help in this campaign not nearly b/c it affects our party but b/c that this is the most dangerous time in the life of our country. I don't think we could possibly afford to stand still."
1960 Republican National Convention: triptych of Eisenhower, Nixon & Abraham Lincoln hanging from rafters; "We Want Nixon" sign; man announcing nomination of Nixon as GOP candidate; delegates with "Nixon for President" banner; Vice-President Richard M. Nixon w/ running mate Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. 1960 Democratic National Convention: U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy walking through crowd; convention floor, delegates with JFK placards; Kennedy smiling from podium w/ Rose and Eunice Kennedy; JFK at podium with Lyndon B. Johnson, Hubert H. Humphrey, Stuart Symington and Adlai Stevenson. Candidates on campaign trail, Pat Nixon and Jacqueline Kennedy in tow. Nixon & Kennedy shaking hands after national TV debate in Chicago, WBBM-TV studio; TV screen, flickering images of JFK & Nixon debating. Woman voting, placing ballot in box. Pierre Salinger at print-out machine. Scrolling ticker, night: "Kennedy Takes Lead." Nixon delivering concession speech, Pat at his side. JFK walking through crowd at campaign HQ; Patricia, Eunice & Jean Kennedy listening to speech; JFK speech after winning election: "To all Americans I want to say the next four years are going to be difficult & challenging years for us all. The election may have been a close one but I think there is general agreement that a supreme national effort will be needed in the years ahead to move this country safely through the 1960s."
Kennedy Inauguration, January 20, 1961: Rear view group viewing Capitol Dome; President Dwight Eisenhower & John F. Kennedy, both wearing top hats; pan of crowd gathered at steps of U.S. Capitol; John F. Kennedy delivering Inaugural Address: "Let the word go forth from this time & place, to friend & foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans... And so my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country." President Kennedy meeting with advisors in Oval Office.
Construction of the Berlin Wall, Aug 1961: East German soldiers constructing Berlin Wall-- unfurling barbed wire, installing posts, using jackhammer; West Berlin mayor Willie Brandt inspecting line of division; East German soldiers standing guard over paltry line of barbed wire; soldiers pushing West German civilians from fence; border guards on patrol. Woman crying during escape attempt; East German civilians crossing the border for freedom, running through barbed wire, leaping from windows. U.S. tanks & armored personnel carriers rolling along the Autobahn. President John F. Kennedy speaking in Berlin, June 26, 1963, intercut with nice shots of enthusiastic crowd: "All free men, wherever they may live, are citizen of Berlin. Therefore, as a free man, I take pride in the words Ich Bin Ein Berliner."
U.S. sailors in peacoats standing on windy deck of carrier; Marine One helicopter landing on deck; sailor blowing whistle; President John F. Kennedy wearing suit, sunglasses, walking on deck, passing sailors & marines; audio excerpt of President Eisenhower speech warning of the rise of the military-industrial complex; pan of F-100 Super Sabre taking off from naval carrier. Pan of black car flying diplomatic U.S. flag from front quarter panel; President Kennedy wearing sunglasses, arriving at rocket test site, rocket scientist Werner Von Braun in tow; nice CU JFK & Werner von Braun looking up rocket. Cuban Missile Crisis: two USAF airmen loading film into camera of spy plane; air to air shots of B-47 Stratojet bomber in flight; airman manning camera; still of Cuban missile site (buildup); President Kennedy delivering national address: "I call upon Chairman Khrushchev to halt & eliminate this clandestine, reckless & provocative threat to world peace & to stabilize relations. I call upon him to abandon this course of world domination." U.S. naval vessels creating blockade around Cuba; aerials of Soviet cargo ships hauling missiles from Cuba.
MSs U.S. President JOHN F. KENNEDY (JFK) walking through adorning crowds; MS middle-aged white man tossing confetti during parade. MS JFK introducing First Lady JACQUELINE KENNEDY at outdoor rally in Colombia; MCU Jackie speaking to crowd in Spanish; MSs Jackie taking seat, JFK smiling & applauding. TLS/MSs Peace Corps workers building a house, bricklaying, preparing & eating food in unidnetified African country; MS President John F. Kennedy delivering national address from White House about the purpose of the Peace Corps. The Idealism of the Kennedy years. MSs clean-cut young white men smiling upon President Kennedy, wearing dress shirt.
Civil Rights movement. Protests at University of Mississippi after refusal to admit black student, 1962: MS/TLSs state troopers patroling campus; MS Governor ROSS BARNETT sitting in car; MS police keeping peace; MS Ross Barnett tipping hat to cheering crowd of segregationists; MS National Guard rolling into town on Jeeps; MS student JAMES MEREDITH wearing suit, walking toward cam; MS President John F. Kennedy delivering national address concerning the incident and the decisions he made: "No mob however unruly or boisterous is entitled to defy a court of law." TLS/MSs Alabama Governor & segregationist GEORGE WALLACE speaking to crowd, blocking entrance to bldg at University of Alabama; MSs crowd, reporters, newsreel cameramen; MS National Guard officer saluting Gov. Wallace; MS George Wallace walking through crowd; MSs students JAMES HOOD and VIVIAN MALONE entering registration bldg. MS President Kennedy delivering nat'l address: "The fires of frustration & discord are burning in every city north & south. When legal remedies are not at hand, regress is sought in the street, in demonstrations, parades & protests which create tensions & threaten violence & lives. We face therefore a moral crisis in this country. We have a right to expect that the Negro community will be responsible, will uphold the law. But they have a right to expect that the law will be fair & that the Constitution will be color-blind."
TLS U.S. Marines UH-34 D Sea Horse helicopter hovering over submarine. Aerial shot of U.S. aircraft carrier sailing. Panning MS F-3 jet fighter taking off from naval carrier. High angle TLS USN E-2 C Hawkeye surveillance plane with radar dish taking off from carrier (probably the USS Kitty Hawk). Panning h/a TLS F-4U Vigilante or F-111 Aardvark on carrier. Tilting TLS deep sea Polaris missile test launch. TLSs massive Telstar communications satellite in a hangar. Animation of Telstar operating in space. MS President JOHN F. KENNEDY at a press conference, talking about the satellite's importance.
(Note that 2-4 secs of black follow each shot w/in this segment.) The Kennedys in San Antonio, Nov 21, 1963. Aerial of fluffy white clouds packed close & tight like cotton balls. Aerial of white clouds, title "The Last Two Days" hurtling toward cam. TLS crowd gathered atop & inside building at San Antonio International airport, reflection in windows of Air Force One taxiing. Tighter shot crowd standing atop airport bldg. Great MS First Lady JACQUELINE KENNEDY, wearing white dress & gloves w/ black hat, & President JOHN F. KENNEDY getting into open convertible parked on tarmac, Governor of Texas JOHN CONNALLY & wife NELLIE CONNALLY already seated. Traveling shots crowd lining streets. Traveling shot crowd lining urban street, many waving. Traveling shot people watching Kennedy motorcade from fire escape. MS President John F. Kennedy & Jackie Kennedy exiting Headquarters of the Aerospace Medical Division Center, entourage following suit, USAF officer saluting in FG. Nice head-on TLS battery of newsreel cameramen standing behind cameras on tripods positioned on scaffolding for press conference. LS crowd at outdoor speaking engagement. Nice MS Vice-President LYNDON BAINES JOHNSON (LBJ) & Jacqueline Kennedy seated on dais. Rear view MS President Kennedy speaking to crowd. Nice TLS American flag flying from flagpole, tilt down to rear view LS JFK speechifying. Head-on TLS seated crowd (many military officers). Side view CU Jack & Jackie Kennedy meeting, talking w/ crowd.
(Note that 2-4 secs of black follow each shot within this segment.) The Kennedys in Houston, Nov 21, 1963. Aerial of small city, clouds. Nice view from Air Force One of plane coming in for landing, shadow growing larger on ground. Panning TLS crowd of mostly young whites on tarmac, banner held aloft reading, "University of Houston Young Democrats Welcome JFK." MS military color guard in silver helmets holding state flag of Texas, American flag. Great MS President John F. Kennedy & First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy standing on tarmac, smiling; someone off-screen hands Jackie bouquet of yellow roses. Panning MS Pres. & Mrs. Kennedy standing w/ Vice-President Lyndon Johnson (LBJ) & LADY BIRD JOHNSON. Rear view traveling shot of Kennedys waving from convertible, crowd lining street. CU President John F. Kennedy smiling, waving, speaking to crowd from podium at auditorium. Great MS Jackie Kennedy & JFK standing beside each other, smiling at crowd. CU Jacqueline Kennedy speaking, smiling to crowd. LSs stage, crowd applauding in FG. Head-on TLS seated crowd listening to speaker. TLS JFK speaking to crowd from podium. LSs lights hanging from buildings, night, unidentified Texan city.
TLS U.S. Navy cadet officers in khaki uniforms standing at attention in gallery. MS President John F. Kennedy delivering speech: "... the security of countries 10,000 miles away. And I can tell you that in the time that I've been President of the United States, in the last two and a half years... (edit) To have served in the armed forces of the United States, that not only kept the security of this country and others but also maintained the peace. The force that we have is to permit us to develop ourselves, our resources; improve the life of our people, and make it possible for what Thomas Jefferson called the disease of liberty to be catching all around the globe. I hope that no man who serves in our armed forces ever forgets that upon him the security of this country depends." TLS/MSs President Kennedy inspecting Marine recruits standing at attention, shaking hands with gunnery sergeants (drill sergeants). MS three white Marines standing at attention. MS President Kennedy reviewing, chatting with two sailors. MS JFK talking with naval captain. Panning TLS President Kennedy riding in open convertible, passing & waving to gallery; African-American Marine MP (Military Police) passes in FG.
MS President JOHN F. KENNEDY (John Fitzgerald Kennedy, JFK, John Kennedy) delivering Inaugural Address, January 20, 1961: "And the glow from that fire can truly light the world. And so my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country." Applause. "My fellow citizens of the world, ask not what America will do for you but what together we can do for the freedom of man. Finally, whether you are--"
Master 1493 - Tape 2 Panning LS crowd gathered on tarmac beside parked propeller plane. LS crowd walking along tarmac, headed toward camera, "Operations" sign on building in BG. Panning MS U.S. Senator JOHN F. KENNEDY (D-MA) alighting plane with wife JACQUELINE KENNEDY (Jackie Kennedy, Jackie Onassis, Jackie O), being greeted by U.S. Representative CLAIR ENGLE (D-CA) and his wife. MS young white male press photographer wielding bulk flashbulb camera, taking picture. Panning low angle MS Senator John F. Kennedy smiling, walking from plane, talking with Rep. Clair Engle. Panning TLS crowd attending dinner banquet. 3/4 view DOF white men and women seated at banquet, listening to speech. MS middle-aged white man offering standing ovation, crowd following suit. CU Senator John Fitzgerald Kennedy standing at podium, delivering speech: "We have a commitment to defend these islands, which we must honor or lose face. The American people would like to know when such a commitment was made, why it was made and by whom, and whether the Congress and the Allies were consulted. They are not so much interested in ambiguous treaties and legal niceties and congressional resolutions. They are more concerned about the possible disaster of an atomic war." TLS crowd seated, applauding at banquet. MSs Rep. Clair Engle standing at podium, delivering speech: "This administration has a program to meet the needs we face today. It is the best kept secret in Washington. This administration has failed not because it lacks patience but b/c it lacks the will, vigor and intelligence to cope with a constantly changing set of conditions both at home and abroad." MS Senator John Kennedy speaking from behind podium: "The current crisis in the Formosa Straits is the most serious since the end of WWII. I think all of us will agree that appeasement will never be a by-word of American policy. The Communist domination of the Far East must not be permitted, and our commitment to protect Formosa, the Philippines, and Southeast Asia must be met. Nevertheless, these off-shore islands-- about as far from the mainland as Oakland from San Francisco-- are extremely difficult to defend. The question is are they defensible w/o launching a full-scale attack upon the Chinese mainland & threatening the peace of the entire world. This is what the American people have been asking and the President has not given us the answer to this question." Historical footnote to topic being discussed above: On October 1, 1958 a PBY-5 amphibious aircraft, the Blue Goose/Blue Swan was declared missing in flight over the Formosa Straits. In route from Matsu to Taipei, it carried four US servicemen, three ROC Army officers, and a crew of four Nationalist civilians; the plane flew into a no radar zone and never returned.
MCU President of Rice University Dr. K.S. PITZER continues introducing U.S. Vice President LYNDON BAINES JOHNSON (LBJ, Lyndon Johnson, Lyndon B. Johnson). MS Johnson approaches podium to speak, "since his inauguration I have seen our President with his energy and his intelligence, his personal warmth, his perception and drive to make life in the United States more meaningful for everbody in many different ways. And always to do what he believed was best for his country. Just as in other things he has put vigor and vitality into the space program and it is my great honor and privelege to be here today and to see the people of the leading space city give such a warm welcome to our President of the United States." MS applauding. MCU Pitzer states that their will be a benediction by a rabbi afterward and that they should remain seated until the President has left and introduces JFK.
MS U.S. President JOHN F. KENNEDY (JFK, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, John Kennedy) approaches the podium. MCU Kennedy begins speaking, "President Pitzer, Mr. Vice President, Governor, Congressman Thomas, Senator Wiley, and Congressman Miller, Mr. Webb. Mr. Bell, scientists, distinguished guests, and ladies and gentlemen: I appreciate your president having made me an honorary visiting professor, and I will assure you that my first lecture will be very brief. I am delighted to be here and I'm particularly delighted to be here on this occasion. We meet at a college noted for knowledge, in a city noted for progress, in a State noted for strength, and we stand in need of all three, for we meet in an hour of change and challenge, in a decade of hope and fear, in an age of both knowledge and ignorance. The greater our knowledge increases, the greater our ignorance unfolds."
MCU U.S. President JOHN F. KENNEDY (JFK, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, John Kennedy) continues, "Despite the striking fact that most of the scientists that the world has ever known are alive and working today, despite the fact that this Nation's own scientific manpower is doubling every 12 years in a rate of growth more than three times that of our population as a whole, despite that, the vast stretches of the unknown and the unanswered and the unfinished still far outstrip our collective comprehension. No man can fully grasp how far and how fast we have come, but condense, if you will, the 50,000 years of man's recorded history in a time span of but a half-century. Stated in these terms, we know very little about the first 40 years, except at the end of them advanced man had learned to use the skins of animals to cover them. Then about 10 years ago, under this standard, man emerged from his caves to construct other kinds of shelter. Only 5 years ago man learned to write and use a cart with wheels. Christianity began less than 2 years ago. The printing press came this year, and then less than 2 months ago, during this whole 50-year span of human history, the steam engine provided a new source of power."
MCU U.S. President JOHN F. KENNEDY (JFK, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, John Kennedy) continues U.S., American flag waving in BG, "Newton explored the meaning of gravity. Last month electric lights and telephones and automobiles and airplanes became available. Only last week did we develop penicillin and television and nuclear power, and now if America's new spacecraft succeeds in reaching Venus, we will have literally reached the stars before midnight tonight. This is a breathtaking pace, and such a pace cannot help but create new ills as it dispels old, new ignorance, new problems, new dangers. Surely the opening vistas of space promise high costs and hardships, as well as high reward. So it is not surprising that some would have us stay where we are a little longer to rest, to wait. But this city of Houston, this State of Texas, this country of the United States was not built by those who waited and rested and wished to look behind them. This country was conquered by those who moved forward--and so will space. William Bradford, speaking in 1630 of the founding of the Plymouth Bay Colony, said that all great and honorable actions are accompanied with great difficulties, and both must be enterprised and overcome with answerable courage."
MCU U.S. President JOHN F. KENNEDY (JFK, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, John Kennedy) continues, "If this capsule history of our progress teaches us anything, it is that man, in his quest for knowledge and progress, is determined and cannot be deterred. The exploration of space will go ahead, whether we join in it or not, and it is one of the great adventures of all time, and no nation which expects to be the leader of other nations can expect to stay behind in this race for space. Those who came before us made certain that this country rode the first waves of the industrial revolutions, the first waves of modern invention, and the first wave of nuclear power, and this generation does not intend to founder in the backwash of the coming age of space. We mean to be a part of it--we mean to lead it. For the eyes of the world now look into space, to the moon and to the planets beyond, and we have vowed that we shall not see it governed by a hostile flag of conquest, but by a banner of freedom and peace. We have vowed that we shall not see space filled with weapons of mass destruction, but with instruments of knowledge and understanding. Yet the vows of this Nation can only be fulfilled if we in this Nation are first, and, therefore, we intend to be first."
MCU U.S. President JOHN F. KENNEDY (JFK, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, John Kennedy) continues, "In short, our leadership in science and in industry, our hopes for peace and security, our obligations to ourselves as well as others, all require us to make this effort, to solve these mysteries, to solve them for the good of all men, and to become the world's leading space-faring nation. We set sail on this new sea because there is new knowledge to be gained, and new rights to be won, and they must be won and used for the progress of all people. For space science, like nuclear science and all technology, has no conscience of its own. Whether it will become a force for good or ill depends on man, and only if the United States occupies a position of pre-eminence can we help decide whether this new ocean will be a sea of peace or a new terrifying theater of war. I do not say that we should or will go unprotected against the hostile misuse of space any more than we go unprotected against the hostile use of land or sea, but I do say that space can be explored and mastered without feeding the fires of war, without repeating the mistakes that man has made in extending his writ around this globe of ours. There is no strife, no prejudice, no national conflict in outer space as yet. Its hazards are hostile to us all. Its conquest deserves the best of all mankind, and its opportunity for peaceful cooperation may never come again. But why, some say, the moon? Why choose this as our goal? And they may well ask why climb the highest mountain. Why, 35 years ago, fly the Atlantic? Why does Rice play Texas?"
MCU U.S. President JOHN F. KENNEDY (JFK, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, John Kennedy) continues, "We choose to go to the moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win, and the others, too." TLS crowd applauding. MCU Kennedy speaking, "It is for these reasons that I regard the decision last year to shift our efforts in space from low to high gear as among the most important decisions that will be made during my incumbency in the Office of the Presidency. In the last 24 hours we have seen facilities now being created for the greatest and most complex exploration in man's history. We have felt the ground shake and the air shattered by the testing of a Saturn C-1 booster rocket, many times as powerful as the Atlas which launched John Glenn, generating power equivalent to 10,000 automobiles with their accelerators on the floor. We have seen the site where five F-1 rocket engines, each one as powerful as all eight engines of the Saturn combined, will be clustered together to make the advanced Saturn missile, assembled in a new building to be built at Cape Canaveral as tall as a 48-story structure, as wide as a city block, and as long as two lengths of this field."
MCU U.S. President JOHN F. KENNEDY (JFK, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, John Kennedy) continues, "Within these last 19 months at least 45 satellites have circled the earth. Some 40 of them were "made in the United States of America" and they were far more sophisticated and supplied far more knowledge to the people of the world than those of the Soviet Union. The Mariner spacecraft now on its way to Venus is the most intricate instrument in the history of space science. The accuracy of that shot is comparable to firing a missile from Cape Canaveral and dropping it in this stadium between the 40-yard lines. Transit satellites are helping our ships at sea to steer a safer course. Tiros satellites have given us unprecedented warnings of hurricanes and storms, and will do the same for forest fires and icebergs. We have had our failures, but so have others, even if they do not admit them. And they may be less public. To be sure, we are behind, and will be behind for some time in manned flight. But we do not intend to stay behind, and in this decade we shall make up and move ahead. The growth of our science and education will be enriched by new knowledge of our universe and environment, by new techniques of learning and mapping and observation, by new tools and computers for industry, medicine, the home as well as the school. Technical institutions, such as Rice, will reap the harvest of these gains."
MCU U.S. President JOHN F. KENNEDY (JFK, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, John Kennedy) continues, "And finally, the space effort itself, while still in its infancy, has already created a great number of new companies, and tens of thousands of new jobs. Space and related industries are generating new demands in investment and skilled personnel, and this city and this State, and this region, will share greatly in this growth. What was once the furthest outpost on the old frontier of the West will be the furthest outpost on the new frontier of science and space. Houston, your City of Houston, with its Manned Spacecraft Center, will become the heart of a large scientific and engineering community. During the next 5 years the National Aeronautics and Space Administration expects to double the number of scientists and engineers in this area, to increase its outlays for salaries and expenses to $60 million a year; to invest some $200 million in plant and laboratory facilities; and to direct or contract for new space efforts over $1 billion from this Center in this City. To be sure, all this costs us all a good deal of money. This year's space budget is three times what it was in January 1961, and it is greater than the space budget of the previous 8 years combined. That budget now stands at $5,400 million a year--a staggering sum, though somewhat less than we pay for cigarettes and cigars every year."
MCU U.S. President JOHN F. KENNEDY (JFK, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, John Kennedy) continues, "Space expenditures will soon rise some more, from 40 cents per person per week to more than 50 cents a week for every man, woman, and child in the United States, for we have given this program a high national priority-even though I realize that this is in some measure an act of faith and vision, for we do not now know what benefits await us. But if I were to say, my fellow citizens, that we shall send to the moon, 240,000 miles away from the control station in Houston, a giant rocket more than 300 feet tail, the length of this football field, made of new metal alloys, some of which have not yet been invented, capable of standing heat and stresses several times more than have ever been experienced, fitted together with a precision better than the finest watch, carrying all the equipment needed for propulsion, guidance, control, communications, food and survival, on an untried mission, to an unknown celestial body, and then return it safely to earth, reentering the atmosphere at speeds of over 25,000 miles per hour, causing heat about half that of the temperature of the sun-almost as hot as it is here today--and do all this, and do it right, and do it first before this decade is out, then we must be bold."
MCU U.S. President JOHN F. KENNEDY (JFK, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, John Kennedy) continues, "I'm the one who is doing all the work, so we just want you to stay cool for a minute. [Laughter] However, I think we're going to do it, and I think that we must pay what needs to be paid. I don't think we ought to waste any money, but I think we ought to do the job. And this will be done in the decade of the sixties. It may be done while some of you are still here at school at this college and university. It will be done during the terms of office of some of the people who sit here on this platform. But it will be done. And it will be done before the end of this decade. I am delighted that this university is playing a part in putting a man on the moon as part of a great national effort of the United States of America. Many years ago the great British explorer George Mallory, who was to die on Mount Everest, was asked why did he want to climb it. He said, "Because it is there." Well, space is there, and we're going to climb it, and the moon and the planets are there, and new hopes for knowledge and peace are there. And, therefore, as we set sail we ask God's blessing on the most hazardous and dangerous and greatest adventure on which man has ever embarked. Thank you." MS Kennedy returns to seat and sits down.
MCU man giving eloquent benediction as all remain standing in BG. MCU U.S. President JOHN F. KENNEDY (JFK, John Kennedy, John Fitzgerald Kennedy) shaking hands. MCU crowd shaking hands. MS kennedy leaving the stage. TLS audience. NOTE: The President spoke in the Rice University Stadium at 10 a.m. In his opening words he referred to Dr. K. S. Pitzer, President of the University, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, Governor Price Daniel of Texas, Representative Albert Thomas of Texas, Senator Alexander Wiley of Wisconsin, Representative George P. Miller of California, James E. Webb, Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and David E. Bell, Director of the Bureau of the Budget.
United Nations Building, bay in FG, skyscrapers in BG. President John F. Kennedy speaking to UN General Assembly about world nuclear threat (excerpt of "nuclear sword of Damacles" speech). President Kennedy speaking at American University commencement ceremony, 1963: "I now declare that the U.S. does not propose to conduct nuclear tests in the atmosphere so long as other states do not do so. This generation of Americans has already had enough of war & hate & oppression." Nuclear Test Ban treaty being signed in Moscow & Washington, 1963: Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko signing document; Premier Nikita Khrushchev applauding with Chinese diplomats; President Kennedy: "If this treaty fails it will not be our doing. And even if it fails we shall not forget that we have made this clear & honorable national commitment to the cause of man's survival. For under this treaty we can & must still keep our vigilant defense of freedom."
LSs rocket launch from Cape Canaveral. (See also catalog # 429084 for color version.) MSs President Kennedy delivering "We choose to go to the moon" speech at Rice University. Cut together with shots of the astronauts.
MS of JOHN F. KENNEDY speaking at the 1956 Democratic National Convention, introducing Stevenson. MS's of Adlai Stevenson at an outdoors meet and greet (pressing flesh, handshake). MS of Adlai speaking, "The First job of the new Democratic administration will be to restore common sense to American Foreign Policy, confidence to our friends and allies abroad and vigor to our leadership in the world." Ike waving to crowd.
Aerial of enormous crowd gathered in Havana on May Day, 1961; TLS enormous Cuban flag hanging from building; MSs Fidel Castro speaking to crowd, purportedly announcing that Cuba has gone Communist. TLS Soviet Hammer and Sickle emblem on steamstack of freighter; TLSs Soviet freighters docked in Cuba. Thirteen day Cuban Missile Crisis: TLS U.S. naval blockade; MS President JOHN F. KENNEDY delivering national address re: the American naval blockade ("We will not prematurely or unnecessarily risk the cost of worldwide nuclear war in which even the fruits of victory would be ashes in our mouth"); MSs soldiers arming camoflagued howitzer; aerial of Soviet freighter carrying missiles sailing for USSR. MS Castro alighting plane in Moscow, greeted by Nikita Khrushchev; MS Russian girls smiling in crowd; traveling shot of Castro & Khrushchev in speeding convertible; TLSs Moscow crowd waving Cuban flag, holding pictures of Castro & K; MS Fidel Castro, wearing ushanka w/ Soviet pin, giving a speech from Kremlin balcony; MS Fidel & Nikita applauding from Kremlin balcony.
Senator JOHN F. KENNEDY makes acceptance speech at the Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles, July 15, 1960: "Let me say first that I accept the nomination of the Democratic Party. I accept it without reservation and with only one obligation. The obligation to devote every effort of my mind and spirit to lead our Party back to victory and our Nation to greatness. I am grateful too, that you have provided us with a strong platform to stand on and to run on. Pledges, which are made so eloquently, are made to be kept. "The Rights of Man," the civil and economic rights essential to the human dignity of all men, are indeed our goal and are indeed our first principal. And I am grateful finally that I can rely on the coming months on many others. On a distinguished running mate who brings unity and strength to our platform and our ticket, Lyndon Johnson. On one of the most articulate spokesman of modern times, Adlai Stevenson. On a great fighter for our needs as a Nation and a people, Stuart Symington. On my traveling companion in Wisconsin and West Virginia Senator Hubert Humphrey. On Paul Butler our devoted and courageous Chairman. And on that fighting campaigner who support I now welcome President Harry Truman. I am fully aware of the fact, that the Democratic Party by nominating someone of my faith has taken on what many regard as a new and hazardous risk. New at least since 1928. The Democratic Party has once again placed its confidence in the American people and in their ability to render a free and fair judgment and in my ability to render a free and fair judgment. I hope that no American, considering the really critical issues facing this country, will waste his franchise and throw away his vote by voting either for me or against me because of my religious affiliation. It is not relevant. I am telling you what you are entitled to know. As I come before you seeking your support for the most powerful office in the Free World, I am saying to you that my decisions on every public policy will be my own, as an American, as a Democrat and as a free man."
Continuation of Senator JOHN F. KENNEDY making acceptance speech at the Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles, July 15, 1960: "Under any circumstances the victory we seek in November will not be easy. We know that in our hearts. We know that our opponent will invoke the name of Abraham Lincoln on behalf of their candidate. Despite the fact that his political career has often seemed to show charity towards none and malice for all. We know it will not be easy to campaign against a man who has spoken and voted on every side of every issue. Mr. Nixon may feel that it s his turn now, after the New Deal and the Fair Deal, but before he deals someone s going to cut the cards. That "someone" may be the millions of Americans who voted for President Eisenhower, but would balk at electing his successor. For just as historians tell us that Richard I was not fit to fill the shoes of the bold Henry II and that Richard Cromwell was not fit to wear the mantle of his uncle. They might add in future years that Richard Nixon did not measure up to the footsteps of Dwight D. Eisenhower. Perhaps he could carry on the party policies, the policies of Nixon and Benson and Dirksen and Goldwater, but this Nation cannot afford such a luxury. Perhaps we could afford a Coolidge following Harding and perhaps we could afford a Pierce following Fillmore, but after Buchanan this nation needed Lincoln, after Taft we needed Wilson and after Hoover we needed Franklin Roosevelt. But were not merely running against Mr. Nixon. Our task is not merely one of itemizing Republican failures. Nor is that wholly necessary for the families forced from the farm do not need us to tell them of their plight. The unemployed miners and textile workers know that the decision is before them in November. The old people without medical care, the families without a decent home, the parents of children without a decent school, they all know that its time for a change. We are not here to curse the darkness, we are here to light a candle. As Winston Churchill said on taking office some 20 years ago, If we open a quarrel between the present and the past we shall be in danger of losing the future. Today our concern must be with that future, for the world is changing, the old era is ending, the old ways will not do."
Continuation of Senator JOHN F. KENNEDY making acceptance speech at the Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles, July 15, 1960: "Abroad the balance of power is shifting. New and more terrible weapons are coming into use. One third of the world maybe free but one third is the victim of a cruel repression and the other third is rocked by poverty and hunger and disease. Communist influence has penetrated into Asia. It stands in the Middle East and now festers some 90 miles off the coast of Florida. Friends have slipped into neutrality and neutrals have slipped into hostility. As our keynoter reminded us, the President who began his career by going to Korea ends it by staying away from Japan. The world has been close to war before, but now man, who survived all previous threats to his existence, has taken into his mortal hands the power to exterminate his species seven times over. Here at home the future is equally revolutionary. The New Deal and the Fair Deal were bold measures for their generations, but now this is a new generation. A technological output and explosion on the farm has led to an output explosion. An urban population revolution has overcrowded our schools and cluttered our cities and crowded our slums. A peaceful revolution for human rights demanding an end to racial discrimination in all parts of our community life has strained at the leashes imposed by a timid executive leadership. It is time, in short, for a new generation of leadership. All over the world particularly in the newer nations young men are coming to power. Men who are not bound by the traditions of the past. Men who are not blinded by the old fears and hate and rivalries. Young men who can cast off the old slogans and the old delusions. The Republican nominee-to-be, of course is a young man but his approach is as old as McKinley. His party is the party of the past, the party of memory. His speeches are generalities from Poor Richard s Almanac. Their platform made up of old leftover Democratic planks has the courage of our old convictions. Their pledge is to the status quo and today there is no status states quo. "
Continuation of Senator JOHN F. KENNEDY making acceptance speech at the Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles, July 15, 1960: "For I stand here tonight facing west on what was once the last frontier. From the lands that stretch 3000 miles behind us, the pioneers gave up their safety, their comfort and sometimes their lives to build our New West. They were not the captives of their own doubts, nor the prisoners of their own price tags. They were determined to make the New World strong and free, an example to the world. To overcome its hazards and its hardships. To conquer the enemy that threatens from within and without. Some would say that those struggles are all over. That all the horizons have been explored. That all the battles have been won. That there is no longer an American frontier. But I trust that no one in this vast assemblage would agree with that sentiment. For the problems are not all solved and the battles are not all won and we stand today on the edge of a New Frontier, the frontier of the 1960 s. The frontier of unknown opportunities and perils. The frontier of unfilled hopes and unfilled threats. Woodrow Wilson s New Freedom promised our nation a new political and economic framework. Franklin Roosevelt s New Deal promised security and succor to those in need. But the New Frontier of which I speak is not a set of promises it is a set of challenges. It sums up not what I intend to offer to the American people, but what I intend to ask of them. But I believe that the times require imagination and courage and perseverance. I m asking each of you to be pioneers towards that New Frontier. My call is to the young in heart, regardless of age, to the stout in spirit, regardless of party, to all who respond to the scriptural call be strong and of good courage, be not afraid, neither be dismayed. For courage not complacency is our need today. Leadership not salesmanship and the only valid cast of leadership is the ability to lead and lead vigorously. For the harsh facts of the matter are that we stand at this frontier, at a turning point of history. We must prove all over again to a watching world as we sit on a most conspicuous stage whether this nation conceived as it is with its freedom of choice, its breadth of opportunity, its range of alternatives can compete with a single-minded advance of the Communist system. Can a nation organize and govern such as ours in doing? That is the real question. Have we the nerve and the will? Can we carry through in an age where we will witness not only new breakthroughs in weapons of destruction but also a race of mastery of the sky and the rain, the ocean and the tides, the far side of space and the inside of men s minds. That is the question of the New Frontier. That is the choice that our nation must make. A choice that lies not merely between two men or two parties, but between the public interest and private comfort. Between national greatness and national decline. Between the fresh air of progress and the stale dank atmosphere of normalcy, between dedication or mediocrity. All mankind waits upon our decision. A whole world looks to see what we shall do and we cannot fail that trust and we cannot fail to try. Recall with me the words of Isaiah, "The that wait upon the Lord shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles; they shall run and not be weary." As we face the coming great challenge, we too shall wait upon the Lord and ask that he renew our strength. Then shall we be equal to the test. Then we shall not be weary. And then we shall prevail."
B&W: MS/CUs President JOHN F. KENNEDY working w/ aides in Oval Office. MS of JFK at press conference: "If Laos fell into communist hands it would increase the danger along the northern frontiers of Thailand. We would put additional pressure in Cambodia and in South Vietnam."
